Refrigerated poultry breast fillets packed in modified atmosphere and irradiated: bacteriological evaluation, shelf life and sensory acceptance

In the present study the effects on shelf life and sensory acceptance of gamma-irradiated refrigerated poultry breast fillets subjected to modified atmosphere packaging (80% CO2/20% N2 or vacuum) were investigated. After irradiation with 2 kGy, sensory acceptance tests and monitoring of bacterial growth were performed in order to determine the sanitary quality of the samples. It has been found that irradiation, used in combination with modified atmosphere packaging, can double the shelf life of refrigerated poultry breast fillets by reducing the populations of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, enterobacteria, coliforms, Listeria spp. and Aeromonas spp., without significantly modifying its color or its overall appearance, the lactic acid bacteria being the most resistant to exposure to radiation and carbon dioxide.

Cinética dos anticorpos de origem colostral contra a toxina épsilon de Clostridium perfringens tipo D em cordeiros / Kinetics of colostral antibodies against epsilon toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type D in lambs

Enterotoxemia, uma das mais importantes enfermidades que acomete os pequenos ruminantes domésticos, é causada principalmente pela toxina épsilon de Clostridium perfringens tipo D. O presente estudo avaliou a cinética de anticorpos colostrais antitoxina épsilon em cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas submetidas a dois diferentes tipos de manejo sanitário. Um grupo de ovelhas prenhes (n=6) foi vacinado com uma dose única de vacina comercial polivalente contra clostridioses contendo toxóide épsilon na sua formulação cerca de 30 dias antes da data prevista para a parição. Outro grupo de ovelhas (n=6) de mesma idade gestacional não foi vacinado. Imediatamente após o parto, antes da ingestão do colostro, foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas dos respectivos cordeiros, bem como aos 30 e 60 dias de idade e submetidas à avaliação sorológica pelo teste de ELISA indireto. Os resultados encontrados permitem concluir que a vacinação de ovelhas prenhes 30 dias antes do parto contra a enterotoxemia causada pela toxina épsilon, com dose única de produto comercial, induz imunidade passiva em níveis considerados protetores (>0,5UI/ml) aos cordeiros por, no mínimo, 60 dias de idade.

Enterotoxemia, a disease that affect small ruminants, is caused mainly by the epsilon toxin from Clostridium perfringens type D. This study evaluated the kinetics of epsilon antitoxin colostral antibodies in lambs born to ewes submitted to two different types of health management. A group of pregnant ewes (n=6) was vaccinated with a single dose of commercial vaccine against polyvalent clostridial toxoid containing epsilon in its formulation some 30 days before the expected date of birth. Another group of ewes (n=6) of the same gestational age were not vaccinated. Immediately after birth, before intake of colostrum, blood samples were collected from their lambs as well as 30 and 60 days of age for serum evaluation by ELISA. The results allow to conclude that vaccination of pregnant ewes 30 days before parturition allowed the transfer of colostral antibodies specific enough to guarantee the immunity considered protective (0,5UI/ml) of the newborn lamb against enterotoxemia until its entry into the feedlot, with 60 days of age.

Chronic osteomyelitis of the maxilla and mandible: microbiological and clinical aspects / Osteomielitis crónica del maxilar y mandíbula: aspectos microbiológicos y clínicos

Osteomyelitis of the mandible and maxilla are common in developing countries and their treatment may belong-standing and difficult. Thus, the aim of this study was to discuss the main biological aspects of the chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws of especial interest for dental team. These infections are associated with a complex microbiota composed mainly by anaerobic bacteria, sometimes associated with microorganisms originated from the skin and digestive tract. These data suggest that chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible and maxilla should be treated as anaerobic infections in most cases. In addition, local surgical treatments are relevant in the therapy outcome, associated to the use of antimicrobial agents, and the failure to accomplish them is a major cause of treatment failure.

La osteomielitis maxilar y mandibular son comunes en países en desarrollo y su tratamiento puede ser difícil y de larga duración. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue discutir los principales aspectos biológicos de especial interés odontológico de la osteomielitis crónica del maxilar. Estas infecciones están asociadas a una microbiota compleja compuesta principalmente de bacterias anaerobias, algunas veces asociadas a microorganismos oriundos de la piel y del tracto digestivo. Estos datos sugieren que la osteomielitis crónica maxilar y mandibular deben ser tratadas como infecciones anaerobias en la mayoría de los casos. Además, tratamientos quirúrgicos locales son relevantes en el éxito de la terapia, asociados al uso de agentes anti-microbianos, e cuyos resultados no satisfactorios representan una de las principales causas de un tratamiento fallo o no adecuado.

Infecciones del área maxilofacial en el paciente pediátrico / Infections of the maxillofacial area in the pediatric patient

Las infecciones de cabeza y cuello son frecuentes en niños. No obstante, la determinación del sitio de origen y el microorganismo responsable de la infección puede ser dificultosa debido a la proximidad anatómica de los diferentes órganos como la piel, piezas dentarias, glándulas salivales, senos maxilares y las trompas de Eustaquio. Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo de 36 pacientes cuyas edades oscilaron entre 1 mes y 13 años de edad y se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura actual.

prevalence of obligatory anaerobic bacteria in oral cavity infections

Many infections of the oral cavity and adjacent structures involve anaerobic bacteria. Most infections involve multiple anaerobes and in many instances facultative organisms. Present study was conducted regarding to clinical aspects and complications of anaerobic bacterial infections in oral cavity. 72 Specimens were taken from oral cavity infections. Routine culture techniques and strict anaerobic techniques were used for isolation and identification of aerobic, facultative and obligatory anaerobic bacteria respectively. Cultures of all specimens were positive. Mono- bacterial and poly bacterial infections were repored in 1/3 and 2/3 of specimens, respectively. More than 65% of isolated organisms, were obligatory anaerobic belonging to the Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacterium Porphyromonas and Bacteriodes as well as facultative and aerobic species include Streptococcus, Staphylococcus interobacteriacea and Actinomes Israelii are also obtained. Many infections of the oral cavity and adjacent structures involve obligatory anaerobic bacteria. Regarding to results of present study, under the anaerobic atmospheric system, obligatory anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified from clinical specimens of oral cavity infections, especially abscesses

Estudio microbiológico de infecciones bucomaxilofaciales pediátricas / Microbiology study of pediatric oral and maxillofacial infections

Muy pocos trabajos de investigación han sido destinados al estudio de las infecciones buco máxilo faciales en relación con pacientes infantiles, e incluso, es muy común que se apliquen las conclusiones obtenidas de estudios realizados en adultos a niños, existiendo importantes diferencias imposibles de ignorar. Además, según un análisis estadístico del Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, estos cuadros se presentan con alta frecuencia. En el presente estudio se realizó un análisis prospectivo, en una muestra de 64 pacientes odontopediátricos, entre 0 y 14 años de edad, los cuales acudienron al Servicio Dental de Urgencia del Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, por cuadros infecciosos de la región buco máxilo facial. Debido a esto, se realizaron cultivos microbiológicos, aerobios y anaerobios, con el fin de obtener la microflora comprometida en los procesos infecciosos de los niños. Resultando ser de carácter polimicrobiano mixto, con predominio de formas cocáceas grampositivas. Por otro lado, se concluyó que las penicilinas continúan siendo los antimicrobianos de primera elección en el tratamiento de las infecciones buco máxilo faciales, incluyendo las infantiles

Bacterial etiologic agents of ocular infection in children in the Islmic Republic of Iran

Bacterial agents of ocular infection were studied in 485 children under 14 years of age from October 1993 to February 1995. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were used. Conjunctivitis was the most common clinical feature [77.9%]. Bacterial agents were detected in the ocular samples of 66.8% of children and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative agent, being responsible for 28% of all cases. The frequency of ocular infection in patients aged 0-2 years was significantly higher than other age groups [P = 0.04]. Approximately 84% of all bacteria were sensitive to chloramphenicol

Absceso cerebral con gas en su interior. Reporte de caso / Brain abscess with gas content case report

La observación en tomografía computada de gas en el interior de un absceso cerebral, sin comunicación extracraneal es un evento inusual. Se requiere una evaluación diagnóstica rápida y tratamiento agresivo para ofrecer el máximo beneficio terapéutico. Informamos el caso de un paciente admitido al hospital en estupor, con herniación uncal izquierda que presentaba un absceso frontal izquierdo conteniendo gas, asociado a pansinusitis. Se manejó con antibióticos, manitol y dexametasona por vía intravenosa y drenaje temprano mediante trépano, lo cual permitió identificar gérmenes anaerobios en el material purulento aspirado. En un segundo tiempo quirúrgico se resecó la lesión y se cranealizó el seno frontal. La evolución posoperatoria fue favorable. Como secuela hubo disminución de la agudeza visual, atribuida a neuritis óptica por contigüidad. Se revisan algunas series de la literatura sobre gas intracraneal y se comentan las causas más frecuentes así como sus implicaciones terapéuticas

Role of aerobes and anaerobes in chronic sinusitis

Biopsy specimens of 52 chronically inflamed sinuses [20 maxillary and 32 ethmoid] were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria during endoscopy. Bacterial growth was present in all specimens. In the 20 maxillary specimens, anaerobes were isolated in 16 and 36 were anaerobes in a total of 56 bacterial isolates. The predominant anaerobic organisms were bacteroids and peptostreptococci. The results indicated the major role of anaerobes in chronic maxillary sinusitis. On the other h and, the results showed the minor role of anaerobes in chronic ethmoid sinusitis. In ethmoid sinus, aerobic bacteria were isolated in all the specimens. Aerobes were the only isolates in 28 specimens, while only four specimens were mixed with anaerobes. There were 96 isolates, 80 were aerobic or facultative anaerobic. The predominant aerobic organisms in chronic ethmoid sinusitis were staphylococci and a- and b-hemolytic streptococci. It can be concluded that anaerobes play a minor role in chronic ethmoid sinusitis compared with their major role in chronic maxillary sinusitis

[Anaerobic organisms infections as pharyngeal phlegmon, glossitis and malignant edema in cows]

During last decade five cows admitted to the veterinary faculty teaching hospital because of anorexia and swelling of the head. Clinical examination revealed pyrexia, salivation, dysphagia, swelling of the intermandibular space and face. Refering to bacteriological results, two cases diagnosed as malignant edema caused by clostridium septicum. and three cases as pharyngeal phlegmon or necrotic cellulitis caused by fusobacterium necrophorum. Three cases died due to severe toxemia and two cases have survived because of early diagnosis aggressive therapy with penicillin, streptomycin and phenylbutazone. This treatment was carried out for 5 consecutive days

Anaerobic osteomyelitis

The prevalence and role of anaerobic bacteria in bone infection were investigated in this prospective study on 134 cases with pyogenic osteomyelitis. Specimens were inoculated immediately in the operating theatre or in the ward and incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions without using transport media. Anaerobic organisms were isolated from 39 of the 134 cases [29%] of all types of pyogenic osteomyelitis. The total number of aerobic and anaerobic isolates was 224, of which 50 were anaerobes [22%]. Syringe-aspirated specimens were better than swab specimens for the isolation of anaerobes. Anaerobes were mostly isolated from osteomyelitis cases of long duration

Role of spirochaetes and anaerobic bacteria in periodontal disease

Gingivitis is the commonest bacterial inflammaion of the body. 58 patients with different forms of periodontal disease and 10 normal subjects with clinically healthy gingiva were studied. The most important predisposing factors are high carbohydrate diet, bad oral hygiene and smoking. Females tend to be affected more than males especially middle aged. The same bacterial species were isolated from healthy sites, inflamed gingiva or controls. Gingivitis appears to be a redistribution or overgrowth of one bacterial species over the others when predisposing factors exsist. Anaerobic Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacilli especially the group of Beta-melaninogenicus appear to be the most important pathogens. The very rich yield of bacteria and nutritional interdependence of most species were obstacles against isolation of many strains. Antibiotic sensitivity using microbroth technique was done and showed that for this mixed infection it is better to use a combination of tetracycline and clindamycin or metronidazole

Role of anaerobic bacterial in chronic sinusitis

The aim of this study was to determine the role of anaerobic bacteria in chronic sinusitis. 32 cases suffering from chronic maxillary sinusitis, comprising 21 males and 11 females, aged 18-38 years were studied. Clinical and radiological examination was done and sinus puncture was performed. Aspirated fluid was immediately cultured on nonselective medium [blood agar], as well as two selective media [NS medium and GN medium from Oxoid], and incubated aerobically and anaerobically. Results showed that 46. 9% of cases were positive for anaerobes [alone in 21.9% of cases and mixed with aerobes in 25%]. The most frequently isolated organisms were Pigmented Bacteroides [comprising 20.5% of isolates], thus being the most frequently recovered organism among both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis constituted 10.3% of isolate, while Fusobacteria and Peptostreptococci each accounted for 4.1% of isolates. These results agree with other studies pointing to the role of anaerobic bacteria in chronic sinusitis, and emphasize the importance of bacteriological diagnosis and antibiotic sensitivity testing before initiating antibiotic therapy rather than resorting to empiric treatment, as in acute sinusitis

Implantes y periodoncia / Dental implants and periodontics

Se evaluará la estrecha relación entre implantes y tejidos periimplantarios. Se indicará cómo prevenir patología en esa área o bien cómo tratarlas cuando se han producido

Microbiota anaeróbia e facultativa da conjuntiva normal de recém-nascidos / Anaerobic and facultative microbial flora of newborns normal conjunctiva

Para o estudo da microbiota anaeróbia e facultativa da conjuntiva normal de recém-nascidos no período neonatal, 193 amostras da secreçäo do fundo de saco conjuntival foram obtidas. Durante o período neonatal os recém-nascidos foram divididos em 3 grupos: I- recém-nascidos imediatamente após o parto; II- do nascimento até 15 dias de vida; III- recém-nascidos entre 15 e 28 dias de vida. Cento sessenta e sete amostras apresentaram crescimento bacteriano positivo, sendo isolados 183 microrganismos num total de 12 espécies bacterianas. Entre as bactérias facultativas, Staphylococcus aureus foi o microrganismo isolado mais frequente e entre os anaeróbios Bacteroides sp. Em todos os grupos, Staphylococcus aureus foi o microrganismo mais frequente. Bactérias anaeróbias obrigatórias foram isoladas em maior frequência no terceiro grupo. Foi demonstrado maior número de culturas positivas e isolamento de S. aureus em recém-nascidos de parto normal e com ruptura das membranas. O presente estudo demonstra a existência de uma flora conjuntival normal e facultativa durante o período neonatal, revelando que a colonizaçäo começa imediatamente após o nascimento e o número de culturas positivas está relacionado com o tempo de exposiçäo individual